THE RECORDS — MLB: Triple Crowns, Perfect Games, No-Hitters

8StarSports reference foundation pack. Commissioned by Jason S. Jackson, 2026-10-19. Verification trail: mlb-sources-and-notes.md.

Jason's three categories — printed as complete achievement rolls, every entry verified, not leaderboards.

1. TRIPLE CROWNS

Definition (basis). A Triple Crown = leading one's league in all three categories in the same season — batting: batting average, home runs, RBI; pitching: wins, ERA, strikeouts. A tie for a league lead counts as leading (e.g., Yastrzemski's share of the 1967 AL home-run lead). Leading both leagues combined is sometimes called a "Major League Triple Crown" — noted where it occurred, but league leadership is the standard. Scope of these rolls: American League and National League only, per the commission. The one American Association crown in each list (a recognized 19th-century major league, now defunct) is printed in the notes beneath each table, not merged into the AL/NL count. Negro leagues Triple Crowns (recognized as major-league records by MLB since 2020) are a separate roll and are out of scope here.

Batting Triple Crowns — AL/NL (17)

\* Duffy's 1894 RBI total (145) is the figure in the standard lists, but its league-leading status has been doubted by researchers (the Wikipedia table itself flags it). Printed as listed; see the sources file. \** Zimmerman's 1912 crown was restored by research published in 2015; older lists omitted him. See the sources file.

Rarity line. Seventeen AL/NL batting crowns in ~150 seasons. Only two men won twice: Rogers Hornsby (1922, 1925) and Ted Williams (1942, 1947). Most recent: Miguel Cabrera, 2012 — the first in 45 years, and still the last; the most recent NL crown is Joe Medwick's, in 1937. 1933 is the only year with a crown in each league. The highest average in a crown season is Duffy's .440 (1894, still the highest single-season average in major-league history); the most home runs, Mantle's 52 (1956); the most RBI, Gehrig's 165 (1934).

Outside AL/NL scope (printed for the record, not counted): Tip O'Neill, St. Louis Browns, American Association, 1887 — .435 (modern recalculation; .492 under 1887 scoring rules, when walks counted as hits), 14 HR, 123 RBI. With O'Neill, "major league" batting crowns total 18.

Pitching Triple Crowns — AL/NL (40)

† Radbourn's 1884 win total is printed as 59 in the standard table; some sources credit 60. The discrepancy is printed, not resolved — see the sources file.

Rarity line. Forty AL/NL pitching crowns — far commoner than the batting feat, because the three pitching categories rise together. Three men won three apiece: Grover Cleveland Alexander (1915, 1916, 1920 — the only one to do it for two different teams), Walter Johnson (1913, 1918, 1924), and Sandy Koufax (1963, 1965, 1966 — all three led both leagues). Most recent: Chris Sale (NL) and Tarik Skubal (AL), both 2024 — the first crowns since 2020. Bieber's 2020 crown came in the 60-game pandemic season. Lowest ERA in a crown season: Walter Johnson's 1.14 (1913). Most strikeouts: Koufax's 382 (1965).

Outside AL/NL scope (printed for the record, not counted): Guy Hecker, Louisville Colonels, American Association, 1884 — 52 W, 1.80 ERA, 385 K. With Hecker, the standard "major league" pitching table lists 41 seasons.

Count discrepancy, printed not resolved: the Wikipedia article's prose says the pitching crown "has been accomplished 39 times in the American and National Leagues," but its own winners table lists the 40 AL/NL seasons printed above (41 rows including Hecker's AA season). We print the table's 40 and flag the mismatch — see the sources file.

2. PERFECT GAMES — the complete official roll (24)

MLB recognizes 24 perfect games. The count is unchanged since June 28, 2023 (Domingo Germán) — no perfect game was thrown in 2024, 2025, or the completed portion of 2026. All 24 were thrown by a single pitcher; no pitcher has ever thrown two; there has never been an officially recognized combined perfect game. "Score" is winner-first (in a perfect game, the pitcher's team always wins). Strikeout totals for the two 1880 games are approximate, from surviving box scores; the strikeout column is the softest data in this pack — see the sources file before print.

Landmarks inside the roll: Larsen's (No. 6) is the only postseason perfect game — World Series Game 5, 1956. Koufax (1965) and Cain (2012) share the strikeout record, 14. Germán's 11–0 is the highest-scoring perfect game. The Yankees own the most, four (Larsen, Wells, Cone, Germán). 2012 is the only three-perfect-game season.

Perfect games — the near and unofficial cases (NOT in the official 24)

• Harvey Haddix, May 26, 1959 (Pittsburgh at Milwaukee) — the famous one. Haddix pitched 12 perfect innings, then lost the perfect game on an error, the no-hitter on a hit, and the game itself, 1–0 in the 13th. Under the rules of the day it was briefly listed as a no-hitter; the 1991 definition removed it. It appears in the extra-innings notes under No-Hitters below.
• The 28-out game — Armando Galarraga, June 2, 2010 (Detroit vs. Cleveland). Galarraga retired the first 26 batters; the 27th, Jason Donald, was ruled safe at first on a call umpire Jim Joyce immediately acknowledged was wrong. Galarraga retired the next hitter — 28 outs, one "hit." Not a perfect game, not a no-hitter. Joyce and Galarraga's joint appearance the next day is part of the record's lore.
• Ernie Shore, June 23, 1917 (Boston vs. Washington). Babe Ruth started, walked the first batter, argued, and was ejected; Shore came in, the runner was thrown out stealing, and Shore retired all 26 men he faced. Long listed as a perfect game for Shore; under modern classification it is a combined no-hitter (see No. 88 in the roll below), not a perfect game.
• Pedro Martínez, June 3, 1995 (Montreal at San Diego) — nine perfect innings, then a leadoff double in the 10th; Montreal won 1–0. A perfect game through nine, not an official one. (Also in the extra-innings notes below.)
• The 1880 pair played under different rules — Richmond's and Ward's perfect games (Nos. 1–2, five days apart) came at a 50-foot pitching distance, with eight balls for a walk and underhand delivery restrictions. They are officially recognized and counted; the rules note is printed so the comparison across eras is honest.
• Other one-batter-away games (e.g., Yu Darvish and Yusmeiro Petit, both 2013; Max Scherzer, 2015 — hit batsman with two outs in the ninth) are near misses, not claims on the roll.

3. NO-HITTERS — the complete official roll (327)

Governing definition (state it before the roll). An official no-hitter, per the definition adopted by MLB's Committee for Statistical Accuracy in 1991: a game in which a pitcher (or pitchers) allows no hits over nine or more innings in a complete game. The 1991 ruling reclassified history: games shortened by rain/darkness/agreement, and games in which the first hit came in extra innings, lost official no-hitter status even though many had been carried as no-hitters for decades (they are printed in the notes after the roll — the Hall of Fame still displays several of them). Also excluded by the definition: "8-inning losses," where the visiting pitcher throws eight hitless innings but never gets a ninth because his team trails. A perfect game is by definition also a no-hitter, and all 24 appear inside this roll, flagged ★.

The count. 327 no-hitters are recognized by MLB as of this writing. The most recent: May 25, 2026 — a combined Houston no-hitter against Texas (No. 327). No no-hitter was thrown in 2025 at all. The roll below is complete through the end of the 2026 regular season and any postseason games played through October 18, 2026; the 2026 postseason was still in progress at writing, and any later postseason no-hitter would extend the roll.

Reading the roll. Score = no-hit team's runs – opponent's runs (a no-hit team can lose — two did; both are flagged). "Combined" = two or more pitchers, each named with his innings. ★ = perfect game. § = postseason.

Not recognized (printed above the roll, not counted): three games appear in the standard lists without an official number —

• U1 — July 28, 1875: Joe Borden, Philadelphia White Stockings, vs. Chicago White Stockings, 4–0 (National Association — the NA is not recognized by MLB as a major league).
• U2 — May 23, 1876: Joe Borden, Boston Red Caps, vs. Cincinnati Reds, 8–0 (NL — disputed).
• U3 — June 30, 1901: Pete Dowling, Cleveland Blues, vs. Milwaukee Brewers, 7–0 (AL — disputed).

Roll facts. 327 recognized no-hitters: 24 of them perfect games (★), 22 combined (Nos. 88, 159, 194, 196, 218, 227, 231, 244, 254, 276, 286, 298, 301, 302, 312, 314, 315, 317, 318, 320, 326, 327), and exactly three in the postseason — Larsen (1956 World Series), Halladay (2010 NLDS), and the Houston combined game (2022 World Series). Career leader: Nolan Ryan, 7 (Nos. 185, 186, 191, 192, 208, 220, 225); Sandy Koufax is second with 4. Only Johnny Vander Meer threw two in consecutive starts (Nos. 106–107, four days apart in June 1938). Only two no-hit teams lost (Nos. 152 and 159), and one tied (No. 18).

Notes — the games the 1991 definition took away (NOT in the 327)

Broken up in extra innings (no hits through nine; recognized as no-hitters before 1991; still displayed by the Hall of Fame):

• May 26, 1959 — Harvey Haddix, Pittsburgh at Milwaukee: 12 perfect innings, lost the perfect game on an error, the no-hitter on a hit, and the game 1–0 in the 13th. The most famous game in this section by a wide margin.
• May 2, 1917 — Hippo Vaughn, Chicago vs. Cincinnati: the other half of the "double no-hitter" — Vaughn and Fred Toney were both hitless through nine; Vaughn gave up two hits and lost in the 10th, 1–0. Toney's side of the game is in the official roll (No. 85); Vaughn's is not.
• June 11, 1904 — Bob Wicker (Chicago), hit allowed in the 10th, won 1–0 in 12.
• April 15, 1909 — Red Ames (New York), Opening Day; lost 3–0 in 13.
• June 14, 1965 — Jim Maloney (Cincinnati), lost 1–0 in the 11th on a leadoff homer. (Maloney has one official no-hitter, No. 155 — later in 1965.)
• June 3, 1995 — Pedro Martínez (Montreal), nine perfect innings, leadoff double in the 10th; see the Perfect Games notes.
• August 23, 2017 — Rich Hill (Los Angeles), perfect into the 9th, no-hit through nine; beaten by a walk-off homer leading off the 10th — the only extra-inning walk-off homer ever to break up a no-hitter.
• Seven others (McIntire 1906, Klippstein/Freeman/Black 1956, Gardner/Fassero 1991, Moore 1901, Hughes 1910, Scott 1914, Newsom 1934, and a seven-man Tampa Bay staff in 2022) complete the standard list in this class.

Shortened games (complete games of fewer than nine innings — rain, darkness, agreement, or the 7-inning doubleheader rule of 2020–21; recognized before 1991, not now). The standard list runs to ~40 games, 1884–2021. The famous ones:

• August 6, 1967 — Dean Chance (Minnesota), 5-inning rain-shortened perfect game vs. Boston.
• June 12, 1959 — Mike McCormick (San Francisco), 5 innings vs. Philadelphia; a sixth-inning hit was wiped off the books when the game was called.
• July 12, 1990 — Mélido Pérez (Chicago), 6 innings, rain, at Yankee Stadium.
• October 1, 2006 — Devern Hansack (Boston), 5 innings, rain, vs. Baltimore.
• April 25, 2021 — Madison Bumgarner (Arizona), 7-inning doubleheader game vs. Atlanta — the most argued-about modern case; MLB does not recognize it.

Eight-inning losses (road pitcher throws eight hitless innings but his team loses, so there is no ninth; only five in history; recognized before 1991, not now):

• June 21, 1890 — Silver King (Chicago, PL): lost 1–0 to Brooklyn.
• July 1, 1990 — Andy Hawkins (New York Yankees): lost 4–0 to Chicago despite allowing no hits (four unearned runs in the 8th on errors and walks).
• April 12, 1992 — Matt Young (Boston): lost 2–1 at Cleveland.
• June 28, 2008 — Jered Weaver & José Arredondo (Angels): lost 1–0 to the Dodgers, who scored without a hit.
• May 15, 2022 — Hunter Greene & Art Warren (Cincinnati): lost 1–0 at Pittsburgh, who scored without a hit.